Sony Playstation Vs Nintendo 64 Essays - Business,

Sony Playstation Vs Nintendo 64 Sony Playstation versus Nintendo 64 Article composed by Unknown Over the most recent two years of 1995 and 1996, the computer game world was taken into another gaming measurement. The arrivals of the Sony Playstation in September of 1995 and the Nintendo 64 in September of 1996 has given the gaming open a tremendous increase in innovative advances in the home theater setup for the basic man. Sony and Nintendo before long became warmed opponents as each organization attempts to out sell each other in the gaming commercial center. Eventhough the Sony Playstation and Nintendo 64 are two unique frameworks. The two of them have some comparative characteristics and some entirely striking contrasts. Above all else the most eminent contrast between the Sony Playstation and Nintendo 64 is the preparing power. Most important is the way that the Nintendo 64 is a 64-piece machine, while the Sony Playstation is just a 32-piece framework. This implies the Nintendo 64 can create better illustrations in a game, while the Sony Playstation's designs aren't as acce ptable. The hues in the Nintendo 64's games are progressively energetic, while the Playstation's hues appear to be increasingly dull. Another distinction is in the cost of every one of the frameworks. The Nintendo 64 is more expensive at $199.99 than the Sony Playstation at $149.99. The games for every one of the framework additionally assumes at crucial job in the gaming commercial center. Both of these frameworks has a few focal points with regards to games. The Sony Playstation is the most loved in this classification, with more than 170 games with numerous outsider engineers in its broad library of games. Clearly the Nintendo 64 has less games in its library, because of the way that the Nintendo was discharged a year later. The Playstation has some expertise in the games class with a wide range of brandishing titles. Sporting events, for example, Madden football '98, NHL'98, NBA Live '98, and PGA Tour Golf '98. The Nintendo 64 has some expertise in the activity/experience sort with different various titles. With activity/experience games, for example, Turok: the dinosaur tracker, Super Mario 64, Goldeneye, and Super Mario Cart 64. The costs of the games for the Nintendo framework are extravagant contrasted with the Sony. A Nintendo game can run in cost from $59.99 to $69.99 and a Sony game can cost somewhere in the range of $39.99 and $49.99. Another contrast between the Nintendo 64 and the Sony Playstation is the media wherein the games are put away. The Nintendo utilizes cartridges to store its games while Sony's machine is CD-ROM based. The Nintendo gives unrivaled access times (which implies you don't need to hold up to a game burdens, and so on.). Notwithstanding, Sony's CD-ROM is far more affordable to deliver (a CD-ROM game is as a rule about $20 not exactly a cartridge game), offers a lot more prominent stockpiling limit (permitting games to be more inside and out and to contain progressively game information), and the CD-ROM gives CD-quality sound during ongoing interaction. The Nintendo 64 can create excellent sound, however it isn't in the same class as CD-quality sound, and it utilizes all the more handling power. All in all, the Nintendo 64 and Sony Playstation have some comparative characteristics and some totally different characteristics. The computer game industry has been turning out to be further developed each and every year. The purchaser in the electronic commercial center has been given numerous options by the ongoing discharges by Sony and Nintendo. The decision can be a troublesome one due to the distinctions in both of the gaming frameworks. The buy can be resolved through an examination of Sony and Nintendo 64. A buyer can see the distinctions in illustrations, value, the handling power, and the kind of games the game framework spends significant time in. English Essays

Stages of Critical Thinking Free Essays

Phases of basic thinkingHow to move to the following stageObstacles to moving to the following stage EXAMPLE: The Unreflective ThinkerExamine my speculation to recognize issues that influence my reasoning. Beguiling myself about the adequacy of my reasoning The Challenged ThinkerFiguring out that my reasoning is causing me significant issues. Understanding that my reasoning isn't as impeccable as I accept and create familiarity with how thinking works for fortunate or unfortunate. We will compose a custom article test on Phases of Critical Thinking or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The Beginning ThinkerMaking endeavors to all the more likely see how I can assume responsibility for and improve my reasoning. Perceiving and changing the issues in my intuition to and approaches to create as a scholar. The Practicing ThinkerActively dissecting my intuition in various manners. Create consciousness of the requirement for efficient practice in intuition. The Advance ThinkerHaving critical understanding to issues at the more profound degrees of thought. Creating understanding for efficient work on speculation and knowledge to profound degrees of issue in thought, predictable acknowledgment. The Accomplished ThinkerContinually checking, modifying and reexamining methodologies for ceaseless improvement in my reasoning. To make the most significant levels of basic deduction natural in all aspects of my life. Compose a 150-to 200-word clarification of your present phase of basic reasoning turn of events and clarify why you put yourself at that stage. Organization your passage predictable with Associate Level Writing Style Handbook rules. Procedures to Develop Critical Thinking Now that you recognized your present stage as a basic scholar, it is important to embrace methodologies to build up your reasoning. Of the nine procedures you read about this week, pick three that you can start to rehearse. Distinguish the procedures and portray how you can actualize every system in your day by day life. Model Strategy: Deal with my feelings. Execution Plan: When I am confronted with a choice, I will analyze the positive and negative feelings related with my choice. This will assist me with constraining the impact of my feelings on my choices. Methodology 1: Reshaping your character Implementation Plan: When having a conversation I should be increasingly liberal to different thoughts. I will in general accept I know better than certain individuals and will excuse their thoughts as great before I even listen to them to settle on an informed choice. Procedure 2:Analyze gathering impact Implementation Plan: It is anything but difficult to become involved with a collective choice and need to manage bunch represent (absence of a less political term) paying little heed to what the circumstance is. Having a superior position or spine to settle on the correct ruling against the well known choice is basic to acceptable basic reasoning. Methodology 3: Redefine the manner in which I see things. Execution Plan: I see things that are forever my way. I have to open up and take a gander at it in someone’s viewpoint. I should have the option to see it in someone’s eyes so I realize what it feels like. Step by step instructions to refer to Stages of Critical Thinking, Essay models

3 P.M. Happiness Updates

3 P.M. Happiness Updates At my former job, as a regional manager for a large telecom company, we sent midday sales updates every day at 3 p.m. Nobody enjoyed this ritual. We didnt look forward to sifting through the numbers, adding them up, formatting an email, and sending it to our bosses. We especially didnt enjoy sending these updates when sales were poor, because we knew it would earn us a phone call from the boss. And god forbid if you were late sending the update: that was an unforgivable sin. It was all very stressful. On a cold day in January, around 2:50 p.m, I was sitting next to my boss in his office as the sales numbers started pouring in from my various stores. Knowing sales had been slow lately, he said, I hope we can report something that makes us happy at 3 p.m. I wrote down that sentence as soon as he said it. He wanted some sales numbers that would make us happy, but I heard something more profound. You see, regardless of the sales numbers, and regardless of whats going on in our lives, we have many things that make us happy. If the sales numbers are down, if life is throwing you a curveball, or if it feels like nobody cares about you, it is difficult to find something to be happy about: but you know, deep down, you have so much to be grateful forâ€"you have so much to be happy about. So for the rest of the month (March 2011), starting today, Im going to send a 3 p.m. Happiness Update via Twitter. It will contain one thing that makes me happy, grateful, or thankful that day. Care to join me? What are you happy about today? Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Police Brutality And Its Effects On America Essay

Police Brutality in America. The police work to keep everyone safe and keep order in society by enforcing laws, by investigating and preventing crimes. Recently it has become clear that things do not always work on that way. Sometimes police officers brutalize civilians and damage their possessions. The United States of America is one country where this phenomenon of police brutality is intensifying with no signs of slowing down. According to the statistics of The Washington Post, American police merely shot a thousand of people last year, and of those, just five hundred and sixty four were armed with guns. Kimberly Kindy, an investigative reporter at the newspaper Washington Post warned the public opinion about the trend of this phenomenon when she said, In fact there has been an increase, a six per cent increase in fatal shootings when we compare the first six months of last year to the first six months of this year. There are about three people who are dying a day fatally shot by officers†. Her investi gation provides evidence that the violence is increasing daily. It becomes clear that the violence of police forces becomes a serious national problem. However, this police brutality is the tree that conceals the huge crisis of the American Police. People respect over the world because of its diversity and its culture of freedom. However,it appears that the country is still facing the great demon associated with its past of slavery and the racism. Several cases withShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Its Effect On America Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years the rate of police brutality has increased in America. It has become one of the biggest headline in today’s news. Many African-Americans have become victims of police brutality. From young teenagers to mothers and daughters, even babies; whether the encounter was direct or indirect, all of which has encountered a form of police brutality. It’s not that the African-American community hates the police it’s their actions that we are upset and frustrated with. It’s their actions of beatingRead MoreEssay On Police Brutality1076 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Brutality has been a problem since the early 1900’s, the problem majorly struc k when Michael Brown was shot in 2014, this caused nationwide protest. â€Å"Activists blocked intersections, riot police arrived in armored vehicles and about 200 demonstrators were arrested† (The Washington Post). Organizations have been around to stop police brutality of African Americans, like the Black Panthers in 1966, who wanted freedom of African Americans and to stop all these problems that were occurring. TheirRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1630 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality is an ongoing problem and existent concern in the United States and should be resolved immediately. Law enforcement must function as an element that consists of organized and civilized officers. The presence of police brutality is becoming more of an issue as society grows. The problem posed by the illegal exercise of police power is an ongoing reality for individuals of a disfavored race, class, or sexual orientation. Police brutality must be stopped so that police do not forgetRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Is Play Written About A Family In The1592 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom people who don’t want them to move into their new house. Today, many feel that racial violence is being done by the police. The story also deals with the family’s struggles to buy a house and the abuse they face for buying a house. Their struggles can be related to housing discrimination that many people fell happen today. This essay uses a scholarly source that shows the effects of racial violence, and a scholarly source that shows how Lorraine Hansberry ties racial violence and housing discriminationRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of Michelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow902 Words   |  4 PagesPolice brutality, or the general brutality towards black people, is not a new issue in America. Over 700 unarmed African-Americans were murdered in 2015 alone. Michelle Alexander argues in â€Å"The New Jim Crow† that the criminal-justice system in America has p urposely been used as a means for oppressing black people after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. In 1903, Hon. Frank Moss, a former police commissioner of New York City, published this paragraph: For three years, there has been throughRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On Minority Communities1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Police Brutality on Minority Communities Police brutality thrives in the inner city regions where minority communities live and work. Police brutality is a crime punishable by law and is often instigated by law enforcement officers who are either racially biased or prone to authority abuse and violent (re)actions. Allegations abound concerning police brutality with police officers using unnecessary or excessive force, committing battery, conducting illegal body searches and bullyingRead MorePolice Brutality : The Rights Of Every Man Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesrights of one man are threatened.† Because police brutality exists within our society, citizen’s human and civil rights are being violated due to these circumstances. B. Background and Audience Relevancy: Throughout our nation, the views of citizens have drastically changed due to police brutality. Citizens are lacking the trust with in the police force because of the excessive or deadly force being used on fellow citizens. However, police brutality is defined as ‘the use of excessive physicalRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The Boston Tea Party Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica was a rebel. America rebelled against British forces and made America their own. Freedom of speech was important and America was based on protests. The most famous protest was the Boston Tea Party. However, shortly after gaining independence from England, America started to use their own troops to stop rebellions. In 1792, which was only 5 years after the Bill of Rights was ratified, congress passed the Calling Forth Act. This law gave â€Å"the president the authority to unilaterallyRead MorePolice Brutality Within The African American Community1265 Words   |  6 PagesAsad Bidiwala RHE 306 August 13, 2015 Police Brutality within the African-American Community The specific audience of my argumentation is the racially ignorant white populations that refuse to acknowledge the idea that police brutality towards the African-American race is evident amongst our society. The racially ignorant white population assumes that police brutality is used as a defense mechanism rather than an appeal to racism towards African-Americans. This hostile audience becomes uncomfortableRead MoreAnalysis Of White Rage By Carol Anderson1151 Words   |  5 PagesLately in the media police brutality has been a very popular topic. Most of the instances reported in the media are of white police officers killing African Americans for seemingly nothing. These reports have strengthened the divide between both races. In â€Å"White Rage† by Carol Anderson the issue of police brutality is touched on within the first few words of her essay. Anderson talks about many acts of aggression at the hands of white men, and she seems to really focus on an unarmed African American

Children With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

III. Efficacy of an Intervention to Enhance Reading Comprehension of Students With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Citation Roux, C., Dion, E., Barrette, A., Dupà ©rà ©, V., Fuchs, D. (2015). Efficacy of an Intervention to Enhance Reading Comprehension of Students With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. Remedial Special Education, 36(3), 131-142. doi: 10.1177/0741932514533998 Authority of Source Catherine Roux and Eric Dion have both earned a PhD and Anne Barrette earned a Bachelor of Science from Università © du Quà ©bec à   Montrà ©al, Canada. Và ©ronique Dupà ©rà © has a PhD from University de Montrà ©al, Quebec, Canada. Douglas Fuchs earned a PhD from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, TN. Summary The number of students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is growing, but they do not qualify for special education because they do not meet the criteria for intellectual disability. Thus, they are learning in the context of the regular education classroom where content is often learned by reading from texts. However, because of their having ASD, regardless of the fact that they are high-functioning, it is difficult for them to understand what they have read. Furthermore, well-known research-based interventions for students with high-functioning ASD have focused on basic verbal communication and reading skills. While these skills are important, more advanced cognitive skills are necessary to gain comprehension. â€Å"The central coherence theoryShow MoreRelatedMason was not unlike many children in that according to the most recent Center for Disease Control800 Words   |  4 PagesMason was not unlike many children in that according to the most recent Cent er for Disease Control (CDC) reports, one in every sixty-eight children is on the autism spectrum. This is a 30% increase from the findings reported two years ago of one in every eight-eight children. The current study also reports that the proportion of boys with autism (1 in 42) is significantly higher that girls (1 in 189) (10 Things to Know About New Autism Data. 2014). Changes in the DSM-V that incorporated AspergerRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism1544 Words   |  7 PagesAUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER â€Å"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development.† Those with autism may have a number of difficulties such as in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of autism, and how you can helpRead MoreAutism-Aspergers Compare/Contrast859 Words   |  4 PagesSyndrome and Autism. There are six different kinds of Autism but in this paper I am going to talk about two of them. Aspergers Syndrome is a form of Autism, but they have their differences and similarities. Aspergers affects different areas then Autism. In my people i will discuss what those areas are. Even though these children have these disorders they can be intelligent in their own way, and in different areas. Autism is usually diagnosed before a child reaches kindergarten. Autism is confusingRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism1569 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development.† Those with autism may have a number of developmental difficulties such as problems with social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of autism, and how you can helpRead MoreAsperger s Syndrome Among Other Autistic Spectrum Disorders1282 Words   |  6 PagesAutistic Spectrum Disorders The autism spectrum disorder is neurobehavioral deterioration that involves language developmental disorder combined with low social interaction skills and repetitive behaviors. The severity of the disorder varies from mild, moderate, and severe, and the diagnosis tends to be changeable according to several factors such as the severity and the kind of therapy that the child received during early years. There is an increased prevalence of the disorder among children withinRead MoreCommunicating With Children That Have An Autism Spectrum Diagnosis1001 Words   |  5 Pages Rough Draft- Communicating with Children That Have an Autism Spectrum Diagnosis This is a very important topic for me because I have a child who is believed to be on the spectrum somewhere. We are not sure exactly where because we are still waiting to have all the testing completed, but I still have to communicate with him everyday. I will also use this information in my career as I would like to work in a pediatric setting. To better understand the children with this diagnosis I believe thatRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )885 Words   |  4 PagesBACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects a group of complex disorders of brain development. Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interactions, social communication and an unusually restricted range of behaviors and interest (David R. Simmons, 2009). It seems that autism is a new condition because most of research about this condition has occurred since the 1980. However, Autism has been around for a much longer time than that, peopleRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1590 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder, more commonly known as Autism, is a prevalent developmental disorder that has grown to a major extent recently in the United States, UK, Japan and Europe as well (Landrigan 219). According to an article written in 2014 by Chris Bateman, 1 in every 50 children aged 6-17 in the United States are diagnosed with autism, compared to decades ago where it wasn’t nearly anywhere close to that (Bateman 1) . As autism continues to grow, it is important that we learn about the differentRead MoreHow Does Autism Start?954 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes autism start? Parents of two children are searching for treatments to help their autistic children who can t communicate their feels or needs. They have tried many therapies conventional or unconventional and all they want is to treat their children to live an independent life. Autism is a mysterious disorder for the great doctors who have found cure for many other mysterious diseases. Researchers don t know the cause each child to behave differently from others with the same disorder or howRead MoreAutism Is A Brain Based Disorder Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesAutism is a brain based disorder that causes social-communication challenges. Autism is often diagnosed when children are very young. They can be diagnosed as early as 18 months according to the Autism Spectrum Disorder. Many expecting parents will prepare for a pregnancy by the usual healthy diet to make sure that they have a healthy baby, however, many children are still getting diagnosed with autism every day. There is a statistic sta ted on the Autism Spectrum Disorder that about 1 in every 68

Should College Athletes Get Paid Free Essays

string(106) " but she weighed in with her opinion on whether or not college athletes should get more for what they do\." The question of whether or not college athletes should get paid is of heated debate in todays times. While many believe that student athletes are entitled to income, It remains undougtibly a concern of moral interest to universities across the country. This paper is going to explain the pros and cons that come with allowing student athletes the right to receive a salary. We will write a custom essay sample on Should College Athletes Get Paid? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Should college athletes be paid? Let’s take a quick glance at the pros and cons of each perspective. For starters, in my opinion, yes, college athletes should get paid. What deserves debate, is the conversation of how to get this done. From my experience, in America, you get paid in proportion to the value you bring to the marketplace. College sports is one, if not the only, place where this isn’t the case. it’s only a matter of time before players start getting more than â€Å"a free education. † There are plenty of cons that come with paying students to play sports. According to Title IX, a federally-mandated law, if conferences and schools decide to increase the value of student-athlete scholarships to cover living expenses, they have to do it for women’s programs as well. This means that schools would have to, for example, increase the value of womens volleyball and softball scholarships as well. Schools have to stay in-accordance with Title IX, otherwise they’re risking their federal funding. And you know they’re not trying to lose out on any money. Another argument as to why schools should not allow student athletes to get paid is the fact that small schools would be at a disadvantage. How would the smaller schools and conferences afford this? The bigger conferences make way more money than the smaller conferences through their huge tv deals. So unless the Big Ten’s, and SEC’s of the world agree to donate revenue to conferences that make afraction of what they make, (think MAC and Mountain West conferences), wouldn’t this create an even wider gap recruiting-wise between the powerhouse conferences and the smaller conferences? ask yourself; if you were to choose between playing football for a small school, and a big school that’s legally giving you $5,000 in living expenses, which would you choose? Most college athletic programs are already losing money, so how could they afford to all male and female athletic programs, to cover for the athlete’s living expenses? Another concern to paying student athletes is the question of whether to pay athletes of all sports? Let’s be real here; men’s football and basketball teams are usually the programs that make the most money for universities, so if football players and basketball players got paid, does that mean that the men’s lacrosse and baseball players would get paid too? Most schools would not have the findings to financially pay athletes of the fur major sports in the united states. Finally players are still going to take under the table money. In my opinion, increasing scholarship amounts to cover living expenses may keep some of the kids from accepting money, but it’s not going to keep them all from doing it. I don’t think kids getting an extra $5,000 or so from their Universities wouldn’t keep the agents, boosters, etc. , from offering them cash and benefits. But I must admit, it’s definitely a step that I believe would at least keep some of the kids from accepting benefits; those that only take the money because of their circumstances or lack of cash for living expenses. There are plenty of beliefs, which justify paying student athletes. Jim Tressel gets paid close to $1 million a year for trying to win as many football games as possible. His players, however, earn no salary for doing the same thing. Although college athletes do get rewarded with scholarship money, there is a debate around the country as to whether that amount is enough compensation for all the work required of student athletes each year. Several Ohio State coaches were recently asked if they thought college athletes should be paid a salary, and their responses varied. I believe there is a big difference between paper money and real money, and the scholarships these kids get are only paper money,† said basketball coach Jim O’Brien. â€Å"They need to have some real money to walk around with that they can live off of. † Student athletes are not allowed to work much under NCAA regulations, and those who are in favor of paying them often point to that rule as a reaso n college athletes need money. But that reason isn’t enough for all coaches to share O’Brien’s views toward paying student athletes. Wrestling coach Russ Hellickson answered the same question: Should student athletes be paid? He came up with a very different response. â€Å"No, but they should be able to get what, say, a Presidential Scholar gets,† he said in an e-mail. â€Å"This should be an educational experience. † Presidential Scholars receive full in-state tuition, room and board, book allowances and miscellaneous expenses — a total that OSU media relations estimates to be $12,483 per year for in-state students. That is nearly $2,000 more than an in-state athlete receives, even if they are awarded a full scholarship. Most of that $2,000 falls under the category of miscellaneous expenses, something athletes do not receive money for. The extra scholarship money is to be used for â€Å"athletic tickets, book costs, bus passes; anything that students need for living,† said Amy Murray, OSU spokeswoman. Some coaches are in favor of keeping things exactly as they are, without raising scholarship levels. Softball coach Linda Kalafatis said she did not feel well versed enough in the topic to know an answer to the question for sure, but she weighed in with her opinion on whether or not college athletes should get more for what they do. You read "Should College Athletes Get Paid?" in category "Papers" Softball coach Linda Kalafatis said she did not feel well versed enough in the topic to know an answer to the question for sure, but she weighed in with her opinion on whether or not college athletes should get more for what they do. â€Å"There are some good arguments out there for it, but I am against it,† she said. â€Å"The fact that our kids get scholarship opportunities and good exposure makes the experience good. One of the issues that may be a problem with paying college athletes is the difference in revenue that each sport brings in through television contracts and other sources. At OSU, football and basketball both bring in a large amount of money for the university every year, so some may argue that they deserve a percentage of that. But do football and basketball players deserve more than athletes who participate in non-revenue sports? Some coaches chose not to comment on the issue because it is a delicate subject. Those who did respond felt strongly towards equality. â€Å"If money is given, all tendered athletes should be the same,† Hellickson said. â€Å"This isn’t and shouldn’t be the pros. We have more class. Athletics Director Andy Geiger agreed, saying if a compensation plan ever went into effect, it would have to be equal for everybody. That’s the only way it works,† he said. â€Å"It would not work, for instance, if only football and basketball players were paid. † Title IX calls for scholarship equality in college athletics, so if pay ever was given to student athletes, all sports would probably receive t he same amount. The plan that is the most likely to take place in the next few years is the one Geiger mentioned during his recent interview. I wouldn’t mind seeing a liberalization of the financial aid rules to allow athletic grants and aid to move closer to the cost of education,† he said. â€Å"As far as players actually getting salaries — no. † Staying away from salaries for college athletes was the consensus of all coaches who chose to comment on the issue. â€Å"I’m not in favor of salaries, but some sort of stipend would be beneficial,† O’Brien said. When asked how much of a stipend he would like to see, O’Brien said that was something he did not know the answer to yet. He said it would have to be discussed at great length before he reached a decision. Another topic that is worth considering when deciding whether or not to pay student athletes is the fact that not all university sports programs earn as much as OSU’s. Equality is the key factor in this issue as well. Should a college with high-revenue programs, like OSU, be able to pay more than smaller Division I colleges? Under Title IX, the answer has to be no. â€Å"Since athletic budgets around the country aren’t all in as good shape as ours, I don’t really know how realistic a plan this is,† Kalafatis said. O’Brien said he agreed. â€Å"When you start talking about every sport at every college across the country, that’s a lot of money. Every sport would need to receive the same amount, so right now this is not too realistic of an option. † Hellickson thinks differently about the realism of the plan. Unfortunately, it will probably be driven through in the next five years by those who believe athletics is more important than education, With the popularity of sports nowadays, leagues are making more money than ever before. The universities are raking in the dough from these humongous television contracts, and the coaches and everybody else are seeing their fair share. † he said. Everybody waits in line for their piece of the pie, yet, the ones who make the system work are the ones who don’t even get to taste the crumbs that have fallen onto the table. In fact, while everyone is going up for seconds, the athletes don’t even get invited to the dinner table. I think we can all agree that collegiate sports is no longer an amateur enterprise, and I am not going to argue that fact with you. We can save that for a different time and different day of the week. Like everything in life, paying collegiate athletes has its pros and cons, but it would certainly save the sport of college basketball if some type of payment plan was installed. College basketball is by far a smaller market than college football is. I would say that more than half of the people that fill out the March Madness brackets don’t even pay attention to the season until the month of February rolls around. And there are certainly reasons for that. One is that the sport has to compete with college football and the NFL until late January, and another is that the sport is slowly but surely suffering a slow death. I can’t tell you how many times I have watched the â€Å"Fab Five† documentary on ESPN. I have watched it more than Seinfeld reruns, not because of everything they did for the game or because it was a great piece to keep you occupied when you have two hours to kill, but because I am wondering when or if we will ever see a team like that again. That squad was put together during the 1991 season, and all five of those players played at least two seasons. Four of the five stayed till their junior years, while two of the Fab Five played out their entire years of eligibility in a Michigan uniform. Nowadays, teams do land several of the most talented players in the country, but they end up leaving after one season. Even if the player is still raw at the position, needs to add on weight or could use another year to tweak his game, he is still off to the next level the second he hears he is first-round material and is guaranteed an NBA contract. Having players stay for more than one year would help create greater teams, as those programs would be able to add to the current talent rather than just replacing it. When you think of the greatest teams in college basketball, you think of teams that were likely formed before you were even born. That’s because the NBA wasn’t handing out ridiculously large sums of money to these athletes and making it such an easy choice to leave college. It would also help even out the recruiting process, giving some of these other teams a better shot at competing for a national championship. The players that are going to be one-and-done only want to play for the best of the best schools, so they choose Duke, Kentucky, Syracuse and North Carolina because it gives them the best chance to win a title in the one season they are on campus. Well, if players were being paid, it would certainly help create a little more of an even playing field. If that player was going to stay in school a little bit longer, why wouldn’t he think about staying close to home or joining a school with a little less talent where he can become the star rather than joining a team already stacked with 5-star recruits? Wouldn’t college basketball be a lot more interesting if it had many of the same players every year rather than having to get to know an entire roster every season? You thought Kentucky was good last season? Imagine if Brandon Knight and DeAndre Liggins had decided to stay for another season and had been a part of that championship roster. There is a reason that teams such as Harvard, Wichita State and Murray State are making noise lately, and it has a lot to do with experience on the roster. How to cite Should College Athletes Get Paid?, Papers

Evolution of society in the mi Essay Example For Students

Evolution of society in the mi Essay The New Way of ThinkingThe height of the Middle Ages signified a revolutionary way of thinking among the people. The people of the day were breaking out of the old, controlled lifestyle, to which they were accustomed, and they began expressing themselves in many different ways. The people began breaking out of the normal, monotonous lifestyle and they began becoming individuals. The women began taking on new roles. They became independent and lived on their own. The soldiers began losing their prestige, and their life drastically changed. The clergymen took on more of a secular role, which prompted a new way of thinking toward the church. During the Middle Ages, peoples ideas began changing, which prompted a whole new outlook on society. We will write a custom essay on Evolution of society in the mi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The role of women drastically changed in the Middle Ages. Women became more independent. Society became more focused on money. So women also became very focused on money, going to bed with a nice young man and earning your first mina? And Im going to spend some of it right away to buy you a new necklace (Turner, p. 39). Women became interested in jewelry and clothes, youd soon be able to support me, and buy your own jewellery, and have lots of money and servants and gorgeous clothes (Turner, p. 39). Instead of women relying on men to subsidize their major needs, if women were unmarried or widowed, they began taking care of their own needs, When he died, I sold his hammer and tongs and anvil for two minas, and that kept us going for a while. Then I did various jobs like dressmaking and spinning and weaving, to scrape together enough for us to live on. But all the time I was struggling to bring you up, this was what I was hoping for (Turner, p. 39). Women became fascinated with trying to keep the attention of men, even if it meant making them jealous, if he thinks someone rich is after you. Hell be more upset, and start offering you better terms. He wont want his rival to outbid him (Turner, p. 42). So women began taking on a more independent role. Their fascination with money and prestige grew, and they wanted the attention of men, no matter what the cost. The role of women in society drastically began changing in the Middle Ages and a new way of thinking towards women developed. Not only did the role of women change, but also the role of the soldiers in the Middle Ages. The way that soldiers were perceived began to transform. In earlier times, soldiers were very prestigious and famous. However, during this time period, the prestige and fame of soldiers began to decline. They began to boast to others in order to bring some prestige back into their life, When we started fighting, the Persian drew first blood with his spear-but it was merely a scratch, just above the knee. I replied by driving my pike straight through his shield and into his chest. Then I leapt on him, and without the slightest trouble sliced off his head with my sword (Turner, p. 45). However, soldiers soon found that their boasts of great adventures disgusted people instead of intriguing them, Ugh! Get away from me, Leontichus! What a horrible disgusting story! If you enjoy killing people as much as that, I never want to see you again, let alone have drinks with you, or go to bed with you! I wont stay here a moment longer (Turner, p. 45). Women began viewing soldiers with abhorrence rather than admiration, What a disgusting brute you are! What are you doing on this street, hanging on that door (Honig, p. 80). While women were gaining independence, soldiers were losing their fame and prominence. During the Middle Ages, the clergymen gained a whole new way of thinking. Clergymen gained a new secular way of thinking and outlook on life. Clergymen became outspoken and opiniona ted. They began marrying or living with women. In this manner, their life became very secular. Clergymen became very outspoken and often times cruel, Youd have to do a lot of smashing to make anything look as smashed as those clothes of yours (Honig, p. 77). The clergymen even sullied the name of individuals, he called me dirty, brazen, shameless, and indecent-and other bad names like that. And all because hes jealous of that soldier (Honig, p. 86). To be considered men of God, the clergymen lived a very secular, brazen life. In earlier times, clergymen were forbidden to marry. However, during the Middle Ages, clergymen began marrying like commoners, In me you get a musician, Cristina, though only at church bells. In decorating a tomb or fixing up the church for solemn holidays, theres not a better sacristan anywhere. And I can still perform those jobs after Im married, and make a princely living at it (Honig, p. 88). The clergymen of the Middle Ages gained a new way of secular thin king, as well as a new open lifestyle during the Middle Ages. .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b , .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b .postImageUrl , .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b , .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b:hover , .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b:visited , .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b:active { border:0!important; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b:active , .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub132a38a06e795b16fda10fd660c283b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pearl (486 words) EssayThe Middle Ages was a great time of change. The society as a whole and the economic structure began to shift. Women became interested in independence, money, and the attention of men; whereas, the great soldiers of earlier times began losing their fame and glory; while the clergymen began living an outspoken, opinionated lifestyle. This secular lifestyle of the clergymen also included the sacred bond of marriage, which clergymen were previously never allowed to enter. Society as a whole developed new ways of thinking. This new way of thinking was a basis for the development towards todays society. The Middle Ages was a period of growth and change. Ma ny great thoughts and ideas were achieved during the Middle Ages. Without these ideas, changes and new ways of thinking, society today could be completely different.

Employers Duty of Care Essay Example

Employers Duty of Care Essay Employer’s Duty of Care To what extent are employees required to perform their job with a duty of care? We all know that corporate officers have a duty of care to the corporation that they are employed by. They have an obligation to perform their duties with the care that a person in a like position would reasonably exercise under similar circumstances (Halbert amp; Ingulli, 2010, p 52). As a fellow employee down on the totem pole, we are held to the same standard to act in good faith in whatever position that we hold. Our employers also have that same duty to take care of the employees that perform the day to day tasks to make the company successful. Whether it is through extra time off, increase in pay, or better benefits employers have an obligation to their employees. The relationship that employers have with their employee requires that duty of care is displayed by both parties. 1. Explain whether Jake’s actions are in or out of â€Å"his scope of employment. † In the video Jake, the service manager, provided a basic inspection of the cars along with the oil change. While the promotion only required a free oil change the inspection was within his scope of employment. Scope of employment refers to anything a person does in the ordinary course of doing his or her job (â€Å"Scope of Employment†). Generally, an act will be considered part of an employee’s employment if it is committed while he or she is performing services for the company or incident to the provision of services for the company (Segal, 1994). Herman (the employer) does not require Jake to do the inspections, but since Jake is professionally certified he must provide a duty of care and duty of loyalty to the business and its customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Employers Duty of Care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Employers Duty of Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Employers Duty of Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Since Jake is certified it means that he stands by his work, and that he is competent to work as a mechanic. After the inspections Jake could find something wrong and that could potentially bring more business to Herman’s car dealership. 2. Explain whether or not Herman is responsible for Jake’s injury. Since Jake was injured on the job Herman would be responsible for Jake’s injury. Jake would be covered under the worker’s compensation program. Workers’ compensation is a form of insurance that provides compensation medical care for employees who are injured in the course of employment. In exchange the employee relinquishes the right to sue the employer for the tort of negligence (Workers Compensation 2010). The worker’s compensation program is a national program, but its laws vary state to state. If Jake decides that his injury is severe enough he did the right thing by having Herman acknowledge it. Also Jake should go to the hospital or visit his doctor to take a look at his injury. This would be in his best interest so that is documented, and no red flags would arise when the state workers compensation board reviews his claim. . Explain whether or not Jake should be paid the overtime. Since Jake is a service manager he is not entitled to be paid overtime. More than likely since Jake is part of the Rally management team he is probably getting paid a salary. Overtime is usually for hourly or non-exempt employees. Salaried employees are also eligible for overtime unless the fall under one the following exemptions. * Executives/Managers * Administrators * Prof essionals * Computer Professionals * Outside and Commissioned Salespersons (Employment Law, 2010). In order for Jake to be paid overtime he would have to make less than $455/week and none of the exemptions above could apply to him. 4. Explain the rights Jake and Herman have individually in this scenario. In this scenario both Jake and Herman have individual rights being employee and employer. As the employer Jake has the right to expect for employees to work overtime in order to get the job done. Herman has the right of duty of care to the business. Herman must act in good faith to provide quality service in order to promote the business. The free oil change promotion helps bring in customers for the business. Jake has the right to file for worker’s compensation since he was injured on the job. Jake also has an obligation to provide quality service for each car that he services being that he is a certified mechanic. Since Jake is a salaried manager he cannot request that he gets paid overtime. In most cases managers usually have other performance based incentives that are offered since they do not receive pay for overtime. In this scenario Jake and Herman both felt that their position was correct. Although Jake cannot be paid for his overtime he could file workers compensation if he felt that his injury was serious enough. While the promotion was a smart way to bring it customers it could’ve been handled differently. The way that it was handled put a strain on the service department, and there were probably a lot of unhappy customers. There should have been some sort of discussion between the managers to see what would be needed to make the promotion a success. In this meeting Jake could have expressed his concerns, and this situation would’ve been handled before the free oil change promotion would have started. Also before Jake was promoted to manager he should have discussed what his duties would include, and also his benefits. Here he would have found out that he would not be eligible for overtime. If the lines of communications had been opened a lot if these issues could have been alleviated by the employer and employee. References Alexis. W. (2010, September 10). What is Scope of Employment. Retrieved from http://www. wisegeek. om/what-is-scope-of-employment. htm Employment Law: Overtime Pay Exemptions. (2010) Retrieved from http://www. scalaw. com/faqs/wageAndHourLaw/overtimeExemption. php Halbert, T. , amp; Ingulli, E. (2010).

How to Use the Spanish Pronoun Se

How to Use the Spanish Pronoun 'Se' Se is undoubtedly the most versatile of the Spanish pronouns. As you learn Spanish, you will come across se used in a variety of ways, usually meaning one of the -self words of English such as herself or yourself.   Using Se as a Reflexive Pronoun The most common use of se is a reflexive pronoun. Such pronouns indicate that the subject of a verb is also its object. In English, this is usually accomplished by using verbs such as himself or themselves. ​Se is used as the reflexive pronoun for third-person uses (including when usted or ustedes is the subject). Some verbs (as in the final two examples below) can be used reflexively in Spanish even though they arent translated that way in English. Pablo se ve por el espejo. (Pablo sees himself using the mirror.)Los padres no pueden oà ­rse. (The parents cant hear themselves.)Rebecca se perjudica por fumar. (Rebecca is hurting herself by smoking.)Benjamà ­n Franklin se levantaba temprano. (Benjamin Franklin got up early.)Se comià ³ los tacos. (He ate up the tacos.) Using Se as the Equivalent of the Passive Voice Although this use of se isnt technically the passive voice, it fulfills the same function. By using se, particularly when discussing inanimate objects, it is possible to indicate an action without indicating who performed the action. Grammatically, such sentences are structured in the same way that sentences using reflexive verbs are. Thus in a literal sense, a sentence such as se venden coches means cars sell themselves. In actuality, however, such a sentence would be the English equivalent of cars are sold or, more loosely translated, cars for sale. Se abren las puertas. (The doors are opened.)Se vendià ³ la computadora. (The computer was sold.)Se perdieron los llaves. (The keys were lost.)Se prohibe fumar. (Smoking is prohibited.) Using Se as a Substitute for Le or Les When the indirect-object pronoun le or les is immediately followed by another pronoun that begins with an l, the le or les is changed to se. This prevents having two pronouns in a row beginning with the l sound. Dà ©selo a ella. (Give it to her.)Se lo dijo a à ©l. (He told it to him.)No se lo voy a dar a ellos. (Im not going to give it to them.) Using the Impersonal Se Se is sometimes used in an impersonal sense with singular verbs to indicate that people in general, or no person in particular, perform  the action. When se is used in this way, the sentence follows the same pattern as those in which the main verb is used reflexively, except that there is no subject to the sentence that is explicitly stated. As the examples below show, there are a variety of ways such sentences can be translated to English. Se maneja rpidamente en Lima. (People drive fast in Lima.)Se puede encontrar cocos en el mercado. (You can find coconuts in the market.)Muchas veces se tiene que estudiar para aprender. (Often you have to study to learn.)No se debe comer con prisa. (One ought not to eat quickly.) A Caution About a Homonym Se shouldnt be confused with sà © (note the accent mark), which is usually the singular first-person present indicative form of saber (to know). Thus sà © usually means I know. Sà © can also be the singular familiar imperative form of ser; in that case it means you be as a command.

Nintendo WII CASE Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nintendo WII CASE Study - Essay Example The analysis of the video game console depicts that the product has diverse marketing possibilities as it differs from one country to another. In Korea, the market was concentrated within the age group of 20years – 25 years and was comprised of predominantly female population. While in Japan, the target market was primarily male populace aged above 36 years (Lee & Et Al., â€Å"A Cross Sectional Market Segmentation of Online Game Industry using SOM†). Nintendo expects to widen the user base of the video games. Nintendo perceives that ‘Wii’ will be fun for all types of users irrespective of gender, age or ethnicity. The company says that it would target the non - users of the video game console and try to attract them in to the gaming world and do not aim to fight with Sony for the share of market (Gantayat, â€Å"Dragon Quest IX Q & A†). The SWOT analysis captures the strengths and weaknesses of the company along with opportunities and threats of the industry. The strengths include less expensive software and hardware along with the unique hardware motion detection where as the weaknesses of Wii of Nintendo are that only limited number of software could be selected and also there is a liability for joystick. The company can find opportunity in new users that include adults and seniors and also through deeper penetration in the European and Middle – Eastern markets. The major threat of the product is that the software developers are not satisfied with the reducing profit and also there are lack of software selection and sophistication with the games (Zimbio, â€Å"SWOT: Strength Weakness Opportunity Thread of Gaming Industry†). There is no doubt that the Nintendo Wii has taken the gaming world by storm since its launch. The major competitors of the Wii from Nintendo have been the Play Station series from Sony (PS2 and PS3) and the Microsoft XBox360. The differences in the marketing strategies of Nintendo and

Locke and Descartes source of knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Locke and Descartes source of knowledge - Essay Example For this reason, the theory holds that metaphysics, ethics, and math principles are fundamentally true and that physical evidence and proof are not needed to ascertain knowledge. Due to this belief, the rationalism theory is in direct opposition to empiricism. Empiricism, of which Locke is an integral proponent, contends that knowledge can only be obtained via the experience of sense. It emphasizes that evidence and experience, particularly the experience of sense, plays a more fundamental role in idea formation than traditions and innate ideas (Scheibe & Falkenburg 2011). The theory also contends that these traditions also arise due to prior experience through the senses. The theory emphasizes evidence, contending that all theories and hypotheses need to be tested against natural world observations and not simply relying on intuition or reasoning. The empirical theory is a better theory in discussing the source of knowledge because all that man knows has its basis on experience, whi le innate knowledge can be corrected with time following observation. Comparison Locke’s notion in the empiricism theory of an idea was borrowed from, the discussions by Descartes. According to Locke, the mind is the immediate object of understanding, thought, or perception by the mind (Scheibe & Falkenburg 2011). This is similar to what Descartes considers an idea to be, contending that it is what the mind can perceive immediately. Locke also discusses external object qualities, differentiating between secondary and primary qualities. Secondary qualities are explained as those, which are absent in the objects, instead being sensed, or perceived, while primary qualities cannot be separated at any time from the object. This is also similar to Descartes’ distinction using the candle. According to him, one can perceive the duration, substance, and shape of the candle but cannot clearly perceive sound and color, corresponding to primary and secondary qualities by Locke res pectively (Scheibe & Falkenburg 2011). Both Locke and Descartes contend that man is different from other animals and machines. According to Descartes, this is because machines are unable to use signals or words to declare what they know to other machines (Scheibe & Falkenburg 2011). In addition, animals do not have any reasoning in interpreting knowledge. Locke, similarly, claims that animals cannot abstract or come up with general ideas because they cannot utilize words. In their arguments, it is clear to see that they believe animals have no use for knowledge or ideas. Locke and Descartes also discuss the role of free will in gaining knowledge, considering that man’s will can remain free and be directed, as well as the fact that free will in gathering knowledge, being both free and directed, is consistent with man’s ability to err in his ways (Scheibe & Falkenburg 2011). Descartes contends that when a person is inclined to lean to one side, he possesses more free wil l. In addition, he also argues that free will is greater than intellect and knowledge. Locke builds on these arguments by contending that the determination of man by his free will does not restrain his liberty, while also arguing that bad judgments from available knowledge leads to bad choices. Contrast Descartes believes that knowledge

Can Democracy Stop Terrorism?

Can Democracy Stop Terrorism? There is a general and growing concern about Terrorism and the fear it is spreading all over the world. Fighting it is one of nowadays main priorities and the most effective ways of doing it are being discussed by scholars, governments and people in general. The concept of terrorism has evolved throughout the years and no consensual definition has been reached. There are however certain features that clearly characterizes these unexpected and, many times, devastating events. Yet also the way terrorists are operating and the tools theyre using has been changing, which makes even more difficult to find the better way to stop them. When the huge and powerful democratic country USA became the target of one of the major attacks from all times, then many things were questioned and the sense that no one and no country were safe got easily spread among public opinion. Are Democracies more vulnerable to Terrorism? Is this type of regime the best one to stop the violence? Is Terrorism, or the measures to annihilate it, limiting the rights and liberties that democracy is meant to provide? These are intriguing questions. In this Essay, I will firstly explain what I mean by terrorism and democracy, before analysing the existence of a link between both. Then I will present arguments for and against the idea that democratizing the countries where terrorism comes from might be the solution to this fear spreading phenomenon. I will then show that probably it is not the case and that ending terrorism might involve much deeper measures than a simple change of political system. Finally, and to understand whether or not Terrorism is weakening democracies and its main guarantees, I will show recent examples that might allow us to understand it better. Throughout the paper I will also find in theories and great authors, like Hobbes and Schmitter, the necessary help to better understand these two complex yet challenging and current concepts. Defining democracy and terrorism Democracy can be defined as the political system where political authority belongs to people. The word comes from the Greek, where demos means people and kratos means authority. There are however different types of democracy and in this essay whenever I refer to democracy, I mean liberal democracy. This later concept adds to the general concept of representative democracy (in which people through elections decide their representatives) the fact (among others, but this is probably the most distinguishable) that there is the protection of liberties and rights through a constitution. Among those rights and freedoms there are the freedom of speech and religion, equality before law and others. Confusion between democracy and liberal democracy happens quite often because democracy is the word that resonates in peoples minds and springs from their lips as they struggle for freedom and a better way of life  [1]  . However what they look for in fact is a political system that combines dem ocracy on one hand with freedom, the rule of law, and good governance on the other hand in other words, liberal democracy.  [2]   Although terrorism is a difficult concept to define there are some common features among terrorist attacks that can be stressed: they involve an ideological component, use violence or at least a threat of violence, are generally conducted by an organized group (or at least by a group constituted by a strong leader and faithful followers), and aim, usually, civilians rather than belligerent groups. The main idea is to spread the fear in a generalized way and thats why their targets are common citizens that usually dont even know their purposes but sense fear and the unexpectedness of their acts more profoundly. According to Willem Schinkel  [3]  terrorism works bottom up, that means, that civilians are used as a mean to achieve their real audience (usually states, as symbols of a certain ideology or states themselves in cases of independence fights, like ETA in Spain). Depending on the nationality of those (people and institutions) involved in the attacks, we can differentiate two types of terrorism: transnational terrorism and domestic terrorism. In the former the incident takes place in one country [and] involves perpetrators, victims, institutions, governments, or citizens of another country, in the latter it involves perpetrators, victims, and an audience of the country in which the incident occurs  [4]  . For the purpose of my research I will mainly focus on transnational terrorism. Since within transnational terrorism there are different types, I will mainly focus my analysis on the one played by radical Islamist movements, like Al-Qaeda, for example. As it has already been said, the concept of terrorism has evolved through times. Namely the way fear and terror are being perpetrated is getting more sophisticated. The most common attacks are characterized by bombings, kidnapping and hijacking but the fear of weapons of mass destruction being used turns the finding of solutions even more urgent. Yet, what is frighteningly challenging in this new wave of terrorism is that fear is in the majority of cases unilateral (considering, like it was said before, terrorist groups like Al Qaeda). We can say that in this case fear wont probably be enough to end war, as Hobbes would say. According to this author, the society is composed by selfish beings and so the normal state is a state of war, but the war itself can be prevented because what also characterizes human beings is that they fear things, they fear death for example. However, in the case of terrorism (or in the case of one of the most common forms of it), its actors are not driven by fear, they are trained to face death if necessary and for the sake of what they believe to be a higher purpose.  [5]   Will Democracy be able to stop Terrorism? Mostly after 9/11 attacks in USA, that killed around three thousand people in both New Yorks World Trade Center and Pentagon, the majority of President Bushs speeches regarding the fight against terrorism involved the idea that only through the democratization of the countries generators of terrorism would that fight be successful. In February 2003, for example, in the American Enterprise Institute, Bush stated that The world has a clear interest in the spread of democratic values, because stable and free nations do not breed the ideologies of murder. There is then a great discussion regarding the capability of liberal democracies to end the grievances that feed terrorists actions. Assuming that the majority of terrorist attacks perpetrators come from the Middle East, where theres an undeniable lack of democratic principles, can then a link be made between these two phenomena? Would the democratization of these countries result in less terrorist events? Natan Sharansky in his book The Case of Democracy: The Power of freedom to overcome tyranny and terror defends that it would. He considers that the lack of democracy in these countries favours the flourishment of angry and frustrated minds and urges violence in order to achieve ones goals. He believes that democracy would bring peace to those nations and goes even further by saying that it is Wests responsibility to help the democratization process. According to Sharansky, and supporting Bushs intentions, the west and democratic world should make efforts towards the implementation of a democratic political system where it was never experienced and this would be the most effective way of ending this terrorism era.  [6]   Like Sharansky also Quan Li  [7]  defends that democracy would diminish frustrations and conflict by expanding political opportunities through elections and according to Rudolph Rummel living in a liberal democratic country would per se reduce conflict between people, because the interaction between people in a context of freedom is favourable to everyone. So, would a higher political participation contribute to the reduction of terrorist incidents? According to Michael Freeman  [8]  the mechanisms that drive transnational terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda are four: military, cultural, economic and political. The organized terrorist attacks are then the result of a sense of threat towards Islamic lands (military), a sense of threat towards Islamic culture and identity (cultural), a sense of frustration towards modernization and globalization, which the western world represent and that in the Middle East failed to improve the economy (economic) and a sense of inability to make themselves heard and to reach their demands (political). Considering these four mechanisms, democracy apparently seems to be able to have positive results but most likely wouldnt be enough to stop terrorism. I agree with Gregory Gause  [9]  when he argues that this political system would provide the possibility of a political participation from these groups but there is no guarantee that they would have enough support for their political agenda. And in that case, the question is whether they would accept peoples choice or would that situation make them even more frustrated and incite them to return to their previous modus operandi and attack their democracy and other nations too in order to get the accomplishment of their goals. Besides this uncertainty regarding terrorists reaction before unsuccessful elections, there is also the ideological component of their aims. And that is something that cannot be ignored. It is not just a question of being heard and achieving political representation, I would even risk saying that it is their mi nor priority. There is a rooted hatred towards what the western culture represents. Religious issues and fundamentalism are definitely on the basis of part of that hatred and that is something that should be smoothen namely by education. Islamism is far from the extremist ideas that these organizations stand for and children and young people should learn within an understanding and tolerant environment. Living in a free country, where rights and liberties are assured might not be enough if the mentality remains attached to the idea that Islamism is being threatened by countries like the USA and that that justifies the so called jihad. A crucial step to be taken is also the resolution of the Israel-Palestine conflict. Osama Bin Laden assumed that this conflict was one of the main reasons for attacking the USA in 2001. This is a very sensitive question which generates great part of the sense of threat towards Islamic lands. It is then important to establish a peaceful relationship between Israel and Palestine so that a calmer Middle East can be achieved. Besides everything said before, the theories that see democracy as the solution for terrorism do not consider an undeniable reality: there are democracies that still have terrorist groups IRA in Ireland and ETA in Spain are two of the most resounding examples. Even though these are domestic terrorism organizations, they are examples of how it is possible that terrorist groups (with different purposes but with similar ways of terrorizing people) can emerge within a democratic system. Are Democracies becoming more fragile as a result of Terrorism? There is a strong discussion regarding the vulnerability of democracies before terrorism. The arguments in favour of a higher vulnerability of democracies when compared to other political systems are mainly two. First, some authors for example Paul Wilkinson  [10]  defend that the particular features of a liberal democratic nation such as free press, freedom of political organization and of movement facilitate the organization of terrorist attacks. Also Bianchi and Keller stated that the irony is that their [democracies] distinguishing traits and foundational tenets in many ways constitute fertile ground for international terrorism.  [11]  Namely the free speech right might be able to raise some violent reactions from the outside, when for example, like in Denmark, cartoons with Mohammed wearing a turban with a shape of a bomb (among other cartoons with the prophet) were drawn. This happened in 2005 and for several weeks not only the cartoonist responsible for the drawings wa s target of direct death threats and attempts but also Danish embassies throughout the world (namely the Muslim world) were burned. What started to be the result of a mans creativity and freedom of drawing whatever he wanted to (or the result of any other motivations, which Im not discussing here) turned out to be one of the biggest international crisis for Denmark after II World War, as Danishs Prime Minister at the time stated. The second argument regarding the higher vulnerability of democracies is defended by some authors who consider that it is not the result of democracies particular features (because in that case they would be as vulnerable to domestic terrorism as to transnational terrorism and they defend it is not the case) but the result of how they position themselves in the world, i.e., the result of their foreign policies. Democracies tend to engage themselves in foreign issues and get involved in conflicts, to which they believe they can give a positive contribute. Th is involvement might create certain resentments  [12]  . As B. Savun and B. Phillips stated The more frequently a state engages in conflict with other states, the more likely that it will create resentment and hostility abroad. Although this resentment may be most pronounced among the people who are directly affected by such hostile actions, it is likely that such hostile actions result in a broader resentment and negativity toward the participants of such crises.  [13]   Whether it is because of one type of argument or the other the fact is that many democracies have been throughout the years target of terrorist attacks. And this brings me to another question: At what extent are these attacks and the counterterrorism measures that they induce to be taken, making democracies weaker and making them lose some of their most important features, by obliging governments to restrict certain civil and political rights? This makes us rethink about governments priorities: security versus liberty. Should the state provide security, as being the most important good, like Hobbes would suggest, or should it be more worried with guaranteeing liberty for its citizens, above anything else, like Locke defended? My intention is not to prioritize between these two values but understand if there really is a trade off between both, i.e., if fighting against terrorism is in fact limiting some liberties. Some authors have tested that and reached some conclusions (like for example Weinberg and Eubank  [14]  ). First I would like to say that in this particular study of Eubank and Weinberg, democracy was measured by using Polity IV scales, civil liberties and political rights were measured according to Freedom House and Terrorism (please note that Im always referring to International Terrorism) was measured using the number of attacks occurred per year between 1968 and 2005. They included 24 countries in this test from West European countries to Latin America and South Asia. The results indicated a poor relationship between terrorism and civil liberties and political rights, indicating that probably there is no trade-off after all. These results were then against the authors first perception (that political rights and civil liberties have been suffering a reduction as a result of the spread of terrorism). In my opinion, however, (and even though the regressions might not be statisti cally significant in proving that there is an inverted relationship between terrorism and political and civil rights) a more empirical analysis would suggest that it can really exist and might even embody a trend to getting worse in next years. Statistics may not cover certain modifications and policies, which after a more careful analysis might be considered as reducing certain liberties, for example, in terms of privacy rights. For the sake of a safer country for example in the United States and since 9/11 attacks, several measures have been taken with controversial effects in ones privacy: wiretaps in private telephones, databases of phone calls made in American soil, inspections with warrant in suspicious packages received by Post. More recently, a failed attempt to blow up a Northwest Airlines airplane in its flight from Amsterdam to Detroit stressed the major preoccupation regarding the possibility of terrorists hiding explosive engines in their bodies and being able to carry them to the airplane. This incident brought to the discussion a new technology that is being developed, consisting in a full-body scanner. This scanner is able to see through clothes and do the same thing to a human body like the x-ray engine doe s to the luggage. Some say this is a clear invasion of privacy but theres a quite majority (among public opinion and states responsibles) believing that this is a necessary evil, regarding how terrorism is evolving and how, besides all the level of protection, a terrorist was still able to bring explosives to the airplane. Counterterrorism policies will evolve accordingly to terrorism threats. And this is the main reason why I said that not only terrorism is jeopardizing certain liberties and rights but also it will keep doing it even more, as terrorist methodologies keep improving and surprising police authorities. Besides privacy rights issues, terrorism is also contributing to the rise of prejudice demonstrations around the world. One may often understand this everyday, mainly against people coming from Middle East. Since some of the more recent and major terrorist attacks (USA in September 2001, Madrid in March 2004 and London in July 2005) were perpetrated by Muslims or Muslims descendents, a climate of anti-muslim and anti-arab feelings was installed. These feelings are reflected in some common citizens reactions and attitudes towards Muslims but also in a wider attention from authorities in relation to them. This is a clear restriction to ones right of being equally treated. Conclusion Coincidently or not both terrorism and democracy have become more frequent in the last decades. Terrorism has been assuming new shapes, hitting apparently stronger targets and spreading fear throughout the world, at a growing rhythm. In a similar rhythm have been countries all over the world turning their political systems into democratic ones. My goal in this Essay was to analyse the link between democracy and terrorism from two different perspectives. First, I tried to understand whether the implementation of a democratic regime in the countries where terrorism is mainly generated would stop terrorism. I concluded that it could help but it surely wouldnt be enough. I exposed the four mechanisms that stimulate terrorism and theyre not only related to political reasons of lack of participation and week democratic principles, they have also a deep ideological, cultural and religious component that turn it even more difficult to understand and, as consequence, to contain terrorism. I suggested that higher efforts could be put on education in what concerns to religious and cultural tolerance. Moreover, I consider, as well as different heads of state, that in fact it is important that the conflict between Israel and Palestine is solved, since this conflict is, most probably, the highest responsible for the instability in the Middle East. Second, I analysed if democracies are getting weaker as a result of terrorism or more specifically as a result of counterterrorism policies. Said by other words, what I wanted to understand was whether certain rights and liberties were being limited or not by the terrorism environment that characterizes modern times. I presented one study, whose results do not prove the existence of a trade off between rights and liberties and terrorism. However, even though statistics do not corroborate my argument, and this I believe is a consequence of the fact that indicators do not catch every single law modification, I substantiated it through practical examples, where the reduction of privacy rights, for example, are quite visible. At the end of this essay I realized how difficult it is to define a concept so broad and always in constant evolution like terrorism. Making a link between this difficult concept and the political system that in last decades has been conquering more and more countries throughout the world is very challenging. I am sure that the current era of insecurity that were living nowadays together with the technological development speed will certainly add many chapters to this discussion in a near future.

Impact of Standardized Testing Essay

There is a vast literature available concerning African American male student accomplishment and its relation to the accomplishment gap occurrence (Perry, Stelle, & Hilliard, 2003; Thernstrom & Thernstrom, 2003; Hrabrowksi, 1998; Ogbu, 1998; Patterson, 2006; Polite & Davis, 2001; Duncan, 1999; Freeman, 1999). Researchers and media channels explain the causes of African Americans continuously staying behind their White partners. Several provide limited allegations concerning African American male student accomplishment from either a past, sociological, or monetary view when deciding school achievement or failure. On the contrary, sufficient notice has not been granted to experiential and mixed methodological styles for assisting in advancing the debate concerning the provision of efficient resolutions toward narrowing the achievement gap that exists between African American male learners and counteracting deficit-model styles. In â€Å"Educating African American Males: Voices from the Fields†, the author Fashola (2008) and some other important academician researchers tackle this matter. The book is segmented in eight chapters, locating itself in many thematic areas that include social, ethnic, and past matters; school reform; primary, middle and high school experiences; structural analysis of manliness; institutional types of prejudice; and extra-curricular activities which assist in the promotion of affirmative self-confidence and analytical skills for African American males. Altogether, the providers enunciate the requirement of novel styles by demanding the educational commune to shift beyond conventional means of accomplishment and to comprehend the importance of social, past, ethnic, behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and educational styles that add to the broadening of the achievement gap between African American males and their white partners. Cooper and Jordan (2003) tackle the issues of African American male student achievement and they do this by locating and investigating the past as well as the methodical impacts of prejudice and also by displaying the way institutionalized domination have a part to play in the broadening of the achievement gap. The authors assess the elements such as uncontrolled unemployment, poverty, and insufficient accessibility to health care as the possible elements of African American males not being franchised in the circumstance of school and community. The authors imply that an â€Å"intergenerational poverty† (p. 2) exists which disseminates a self-fulfilling prediction for several of African American males. Ogbu’s (1998) research allows for the contextualizing of such past injustices. It is implied that â€Å"the treatment of minorities in the wider society is reflected in their treatment in education† (p. 159). In his book Noguera (2003) assists in the contextualizing of few of the practical attitudes which are required for the comprehension of certain of the behavioral trends of African American males which have an impact on them in school. The author offers information and research which record the way they were marginalized and wronged by the schooling experiences in the capitalist educational frameworks. Text offers a qualitative study which looks for determining the part that educators have in the motivation of students; teachers can utilize this information to reassess and modify their educational and instructional practices and also to fulfill the requirements of African American males and at the same time provide with suitable scaffolding so as to assist the learners in meeting the academic standards. Along with this, Noguera also debates that the learners are to be taught and habituated so as to see that the academic institutions are advantageous to them and also that the anticipations for them are high. Noguera writes about the schooling experiences of African American males by assessing their accomplishment trends in public schools and tackling with their consequent detachment. He writes that Black males underperform on standardized tests and that they undergo much higher drop-out rates. Although Black males achieve much and their performance is good in the primary grades, they tend to underperform by the age of nine (Garibaldi, 1992). His recommendation is that the educators should be placing literary and language enrichment at the head of their instructional concerns. This is particularly important during their primary school times; supplementing with the talents allows for African American males to become self-sufficient, analytical thinking is principal for their general intellectual achievement or failure. Development of Problem An operational attitude to the tradition of schooling also offers a valuable contextual structure for the investigation of student â€Å"oppositionality† and â€Å"resistance† (Ogbu, 1998) as minor traditional features displayed by particular minority learners in reaction to their communal marginalization. The idea of identity and the way it is written either by a person or the community is made pertinent by the reactions of these marginalized learners and is a vital part of a sufficient hypothetical viewpoint on tradition. The academic achievement gap which is present between African American and White learners is a very urgent contest for the urban education in the United States in the present times. Generally, the rank and academic achievement of minority groups in science have been issues of concern in various areas (National Science Foundation, 1994; Atwater, 2000). In a wide-ranging assessment of the issues, Jencks and Phillips (1998) suggest that there should be an application of methodical and preserved research attempts targeted at investigating the causes for the low performance of particular minority groups. When discussing the achievement gap and displaying it as a challenge for the urban education, there has to be an emphasis placed on certain aspects of the urban schools which are responsible for the existent gap. In the United States, the fact that the majority of the Black students study in urban or inner city institutions is correct, and on the other hand White students normally study at suburban schools. It is possible that this factor is responsible for the achievement gap between the Blacks and the Whites and it provides with an urban/suburban aspect. Urban academic institutions are also different from the suburban ones in the accessibility of the study material and commune sources. Even though the fact that the suburban schools normally have much better sources in contrast to the urban schools is true, an exploration can be made in whether the resources that are accessible for the urban schools are utilized most advantageously so as to improve the student involvement and intellectual accomplishment. Even though standardized testing traditionally has been slackly connected to responsibility and student education, the association had been weak. The association between student education and high-stakes standardized testing became more distinct, and a rise in the utilization of the tests has reached classic magnitude following the introduction of the No Child Left Behind. The argument behind such a connection is that raised pressure to perform well on standardized tests, and also a series of incentives and penalties, will raise the student education and accomplishment. Impacts of such testing standards have broad results, not just on the current generation but also on the next generations of youth. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to assess the impact that standardized testing has on African American male students. The study aims to display the issues connected with the impact of standardized testing on African American males. African American males face discrimination and due to that they do not perform as they should in their academics. Innumerable researches have been conducted to examine African American youths’ academic results. There is relative concentration with a stress on the achievement gap between African American youths generally and also that of other ethnic categories, like the Europeans and Asian Americans. Several conceptual structures have been offered which propose the achievement gap in educational results is the outcome of societal-level discrimination which afflicts African Americans (for example, Fordham & Ogbu, 1986; Ogbu, 1987, 1994; Steele, 1997). In reality, several of the studies record the negative impacts of such macro system-level elements on the encouragement and intellectual accomplishment of African American learners (Howard & Hammond, 1985; Ponterotto & Pedersen, 1993; Steele & Aronson, 1995). Nature of the Study Social research can be deductive or inductive and each is applied according to the research type. Deductive approach refers to particular information that has been gained from a general theory. Through the theory the researcher gets the foresights concerning the happening. Deductive research is termed as theory testing. In the case when a research initiates with a theory and is following the hypotheses that the researcher has set to test, the approach is deductive. Deductive reasoning sets to work moving from the more universal to the more precise. Induction is usually described as moving from the specific to the general. Observations are used for inductive approaches. Inductive reasoning moves from the more specific to a broader generalization and theory. In this case there is quite some uncertainty involved and the conclusions are based on theories.

How The Meaning Of Democracy And Globalization Differs In Deferent Essay

Globalization is making international trade more easy and accessible. Business operations cut across transnational borders in contemporary times, more than before. Furthermore, there are increasing numbers of players in the international trade and deal transactions than ever before. The neo-liberalists views in international trade has always supported a globalize and open market order in which every countries is expected to open up its market and imbibe the culture of free trade, free economy entry and exit of labor and the opening of the state economy to the international market for active competition. The adoption of open markets have resulted in the political responses in terms of change in the political structure, that is hitherto exhibited and the way government intervene in her country’s economy. This change has resulted in the adoption of the neo-liberal stand. Even, the communist states are now gradually opening up to the trade zone to international transactions. â€Å"Globalization can be briefly defined as, the intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural relations across borders† (Holm & Sorensen, 1995:4). According to Yeung (2002), from an economic perspective the term globalization is defined as â€Å"the rapid proliferation of cross-border production, trade, and investment activities spearheaded by global corporations and international financial institutions that facilitate the emergence of an increasingly integrated and interdependent global economy†. Thus, globalization is a transformation of the world order to become accustomed to the changes of time and the pattern of the world order. Democracy is seen as a system of government where the government is accountable to the people, and sovereignty of the state lies with the people. Cultural differences in terms of the practices and way of living of people makes them adapt to different conceptualization and practice of philosophy associated with democracy and globalization. DIVERSITY IN CONCEPTUALIZING DEMOCRACY AND GLOBALIZATION IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES Williams (1983) try to capture in his book the differences between in articulated experience and the general conclusion reached in regards to democracy and globalization. This according to him has lead to the covert disappointments in the failure to formulate that tension abstractly. People’s experience in actual life sometime differs from the principles underlying democratic practices and the gains and pains attributed to globalization in the 21st century. Williams work preoccupies with the connections between human ideology and societal culture. The cultural difference between countries and political and economic settings tend to present different realities pertaining to democracy and globalization. For instance, in underdeveloped African countries democracy in the real sense which has to do with government by the people and where full public accountability is emphasized is a far cry from the realities. African leaders are corrupt and tend to infringe on people’s human rights. There is poor public accountability, amidst high level of corruption. The interpretation giving to democracy in the advanced western world respects the rights of the people and public accountability is emphasized. Sovereignty should lie with the people according to democratic principle, but in African countries that practice democratic rule, the leaders see themselves as custodian of sovereignty, as it is observed in a monarchical rule. The African culture embraces a fatalistic perspective to life, while the western culture tends to strive for change. This fatalistic lifestyle as made globalization not too beneficial to underdeveloped African countries, as they rely on primary goods production, which are grossly under priced in the international trade level. Williams thus, recognized the importance of taking individual and social circumstances into consideration as this bring about the differences in interpretation to vital issues of life, like democracy, human arts, industry, class and culture. The role of developing countries in globalizing the world is one in which they play significant role. Most raw materials utilized in both advanced economy and in processing into finish, products are sourced from developing countries from Africa, Asian, and Latin America. At the aftermath of the Uruguay Round Agreements (URA) the role of developing countries in global economy has increased significantly. Furthermore, the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is harnessing trade negotiations within developing countries. According to Michalopoulos (1999), â€Å"The integration of the developing countries into the multilateral trading system has been especially impressive for a group of perhaps 15-20 middle and higher income developing countries in Latin America and Asia†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The increasing significant of developing countries in speeding up the global development ascribes on them certain responsibilities that is expected for them to play. This comes in way of putting in place a smooth export trade zone for its raw materials and free movement of labor in and out their national boundaries. Some developing countries in assuming this responsibility has formed export agency among them to enable the smooth export trade in raw materials. â€Å"†¦exports have risen b y more than 10 per annum in volume since 1970†¦ the developed countries combined gross domestic product (GDP); at the beginning of the 1990s†¦accounted for 1. 8 per cent of GDP, whereas the figure in 1999 was 3. 2 per cent† (Akyuz, et al 2001). Developing countries has developed policies in their exports, which is characterized by imposition of control and taxes on export of primary products and foodstuffs, and also they tend to provide incentives and subsidies to their exports manufacturers (Michalopoulos 1999). Thus, the need to create a trade free zone and easy passage of primary products to international zone where they would be converted into finished product is one responsibility developing countries need to carry out. Furthermore, the developing countries play the significant role in the supply of labor, in the production process, given their large population. Developing countries have large labor markets, thus the supply of this to the global labor market goes a long way in contributing to global development. Thus improving of labor skills in developing countries is a way the usefulness of labor in this part of the world would contribute significantly in area of global development. In this view, Akyuz, et al (2001), has it that â€Å"improvement in labor market conditions will also require a reorientation of development policies at the national and global levels, particularly with respect to the speed and pattern of integration of developing countries into the global economy†. The role third world countries play in globalization is directly connected to how their cultural background and interpretation to the phenomenon is connected to their occupation and way of life. For instance, countries in Africa, it has 70 percent of its workforce in peasant farming. Thus, the continent economy is agrarian and thus, its involvement in globalization is in the production of primary product. On the other hand, advance western countries like U. S. and EU states, including advance Asian countries like Japan, China, produce finish products like automobiles, electronics etc. While the western world would conceive globalization as an expanded place for trading, with the less barrier to trade, the underdeveloped countries something conceive this as a continue exploitation of the westerners and the dependency on their products. CONCLUSION Democracy has in contemporary times being widely acknowledged globally in the political realm and in work place. Workers participation are urging for more participation as a way to embrace democracy. In addition, this globalization phenomenon has made organized capitalism to transit from corporate capitalism to monopoly capitalism not it is in its customer capitalism. However, democracy is different interpreted by countries in line with their cultural setting. While the advance political states seeks for more respect for human rights and public accountability, the underdeveloped state in their nascent democracy are trying to fight huge level of corruption and leadership oppression as it is being notice in Zimbabwe where Mugabe is hindering any move of oppositions. In addition, the conceptualization of globalization by different countries depends on the receiving end they find themselves in the international trade. While those countries primarily engaged in the production of primary products such as raw materials cry for unfavorable term of trade, the advanced economic countries see globalization as a pattern for encouraging free trade and maximizing economic wealth. REFERENCES Akyuz, Yilmaz, et al (2001), â€Å"Globalization, Inequality and the Labour Market† http://www. flassbeck. de/pdf/GLOBALIZ. PDF. (02/12/07)Michalopoulos, Constantine (1999), â€Å"Trade Policy market Access Issues for Developing Countries: Implications for the Millennium Round† http://wbln0018. worldbank. org/research/workpapers. nsf/bd04ac9da150d30385256815005076ce/a70066326b8be18c85256818005b9fb6/$FILE/wps2214. pdf. (2/12/07) Williams, Raymond (1983) Culture And Society: 1780-1950, Columbia University Press. Yeung, Henry W. (2002), â€Å"The Limits to Globalization Theory: A Geographic Perspective on Global Economic Change† Economic Geography, Volume 78, Number 3, July http://www. europe. canterbury. ac. nz/courses/euro223/yeong. pdf. (02/12/07)