Post-War Boom Essay

Every 22nd of April, the world celebrates Earth Day, where the importance of environmentalism given emphasis. What was once an ideology is now a social movement, with major corporations joining in the campaign to preserve the environment. In the US, the road to environmental movement started as early as the 1960s but only reached extensive recognition in the 70s. In 1962, Rachel Carson, a biologist, wrote a book entitled Silent Spring, which exposed the threats brought on by the use of pesticides (Brinkley 875). She wrote that it was the first time that human beings were being subjected to â€Å"dangerous chemicals† and called on the government to act on it (LaFeber et al 547). But it was not only Carson who opened the door for environmental movement. Following the war, the drastic effect on the environment was starting to put people in a crisis. Water pollution was spreading; toxic fumes from factories and power plants had started to infiltrate the water and the atmosphere (Brinkley 876-877). In Ohio, for example, the Cuyahoga River had â€Å"burst into flames† following constant dumping of petroleum waste into it (877). The word â€Å"smog† was created to refer to the combination of smoke and fog which relentlessly plagued the people living in cities (877). Environmental destruction had started. The realization made people become aware of the possible damages it could inflict not just on the people but also on their surroundings. In fact, as early as 1950s, the Sierra Club, a traditional conservation organization, had contested the proposal to dam the Green River in Colorado (Glen Canyon Institute 2008). Sierra Club deemed the proposal as â€Å"America’s most regretted environmental mistake† (2008). The group sought to stop it but was in vain. The Glen Canyon damming opened the waters (put intended) for the environmental movement that when proposals for damming Marble and Grand Canyon were put forward, the Sierra Club staged not just protests but also placed advertisement in the New York Times to stop it. In a way, the Colorado incident put forth the rising environmental movement. It triggered the concern for environmental conservation and preservation. Among the environmental problems which people hoped to address were the aforementioned water problem, ozone layer, greenhouse effect, nuclear power and the escalating amount of garbage (Divine et al 870-871). For instance, studies in the 70s revealed the effects of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) to the earth’s ozone layer (870). Scientists also discovered that smoke and other toxic fumes contributed to the formation of acid rain, which was dangerous not only to forests but the aquamarine (870). Only April 1970 the first Earth Day was celebrated in campuses, the start of what was to be a campaign to expand the threats of toxic wastes to the environment (LaFeber 547). Earth Day was the idea of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin who initially thought of conducting a series of talks around campus (Brinkley 878). Compared to the antiwar rallies that as common during these days, the Earth Day demonstration had an â€Å"unthreatening† aura that made it interesting to people. During President Nixon’s first term, the Congress passed the National Environmental Policy Act and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (Brinkley 878). Laws were also created to regulate environmental hazards, preserve endangered species and protect wilderness areas (LaFeber 547). The Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act were passed in 1972 (Brinkley 878). The support of government in environmentalism made it easier to somehow alleviate environmental degradation brought on by pollution and the advancing industrial society. However, during the Reagan administration, federal cuts were made in favor of promoting private enterprises (547). Reagan also hoped to abolish the Council on Environmental Quality and cut funds for the Environmental Protection Agency (547). However, his anti-environmental revolution only made the environmental movement stronger. Environmental groups saw rise in its members.

Spinal immobilization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spinal immobilization - Research Paper Example This is because of lack of effective measure to ascertain the degree and site of spinal injury at the time of presentation in any emergency setting. Also, the definition of the definite position of spinal immobilization is poor and lacking. Jin et al (2007) conducted a retrospective study to examine the sensitivity of the prehospital immobilization protocol in which age criterion is present to 5 criteria of spine clearance. The five criteria include decreased awareness, presence of intoxication, neurological deficit, pain on palpation of the spine and age criterion; which is 65 years or older. According to the protocol, standard full immobilization would be done to individuals with more than one criteria. This study included 238 victims of blunt trauma; of which 236 has atleast one positive criteria, suggesting 99.2 percent sensitivity. Of the 2 patients who did not receive immobilization, one had a small fissure in the arch of C2 and the other had fracture of the transverse process of L3. Both of them were discharged on the next day without any medical interventions or complications. Based on these results, the researchers concluded that spinal immobilization protocol must be based on clinical criteria rather than on mechanism of trauma. They also recommended a prospective study to confirm such findings. The effectiveness and benefits of immobilization of the spine depends on the perfection in application of the immobilization technique. Peery et al (2007) conducted a study to assess and examine the quality of long spine board spinal immobilization in patients presenting to the emergency room via emergency medical service. During examination, evaluation of the location and number of the restraining straps and also their degree of tightness was done. 50 patients were included in the study. 30 percent of these had atleast one unattached tape to attach head to the board. Also, 88 percent had more than 2 cm slack between the body. This study draws evidence that im mobilization is not done well in emergency medical service and better measures and protocols need to be drawn for improved immobilization. Thus, even though spinal immobilization may provide genuine benefits, they be lost due to poor application. Generally, immobilization of spine consists of a cervical collar that supports either side of the head, and the long and short back boards which have straps attached to them to immobilize the rest of the body. With regard to the boards, there is lot of controversy whether long boards are superior to short boards. According to Cline (1985; cited in AANS, 2001 ), short boards are superior to cervical collar alone. Mozalewski (cited in AANS, 2001 ) opined that unless the motion of trunk also was minimized along with motion of head, spine immobilization was ineffective. The literature review by AANS (2001) drew some implications about spine immobilization practices in an emergency setting. The review opines that studies pertaining to spinal imm obilization are limited because none of the studies actually evaluate the full range of available devices. However, from whatever results are available, it appears that a combination of cervical collar immobilization with supportive straps on a rigid long spinal backboard to secure the whole body including the trunk is superior to cervi

Tort Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Tort Law - Essay Example This essay focusess on describing the tort laws, that today can mainly be divided into three huge parts including negligence torts, strict liability torts and intentional torts. The researcher explores the intentional torts in the essay that are offences that are committed by an individual who intends to harm as he commits the act knowing that injury would be the result of his or her act such as an assault. On the other hand, negligence is a type of tort that results unexpectedly. The action is normally not intended to harm while the actor does not know the result of the act. The researcher states that in the negligence act, the action leading to injury is not intended unlike the intentional tort. For example, the trespass of land and negligence are different from nuisance case. For instance, the researcher mentiones that in the nuisance cases actions deal with repetitive injuries while the trespass and negligence actions offer relief even if the injury resulted from one event. In th e second part of the essay, the researcher discusses various compensatory law issues and vicarious liability. There are various goals of compensatory damages that were decribed by the researcher. The main goal of compensatory damages is compensate the personal injury and property damages, that were caused and proved. Vicarious liability mainly is another issue covered in the essay, the issue arises in regard to specific relationships between the defendant and another in the part of defendant to the other party.

Burning Man Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Burning Man - Research Paper Example Essentially, there is a conclusion that the festival is one that celebrates the creativity that one individual had toward the manipulation of the ideas of others. As such, this work will explain the correlation between the concepts of the age of propaganda and the concepts of burning man festival (Kozinets 12). The correlation could further be an explanation to the hypothesized concept that we perhaps all humans could be subject to manipulation of the ideologies of a narrow segment of persons, which is their propaganda. The work is, therefore, an insight to the idea that some of the most popular hypes in life develop into life-changing experiences, yet they have little relevance. The work is a development of the idea that the creators of the Burning man ceremony sought to be relevant enough to their followers by sympathizing with their moods. The founders of the movement thought of the idea that if they spent time in isolation, they would be happy. If the founders were happy, the followers would also be happy, which means that spending time in isolation meant that the followers and the founders were equally happy. The founders of the movement thought that they should make their followers feel cared for in the process of the festival. The founders believed that their happiness would only come with their satisfaction of the happiness of others. The work will also support the ideas we could all be victims of manipulation of the ideologies of one or a group of individuals, which is their propaganda. Alternately, some would say that the differentiation of ethos is what makes burning man an extreme creative, chaotic anarchy, inspirational enlightenment and civic s ustainability. One might wonder how ideas so small spread to the level that they become household facts and even form a part of the culture of their believers. Well, such a concept has its

MGMT345 U2 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT345 U2 IP - Research Paper Example Introduction of anti-racism laws in the company would help in combating the issue of racial discrimination among employees. The law is against the discrimination of employees and staffs with different ethnic races. In the human resources management department, the idea of hiring the employees from a particular race should be discouraged, and recruitment of staffs from different races encouraged (Young, 2006). Punishing of employees, low payments, lack of employees provident benefits and segregating the employees from a certain race is the most essential matter that the HRM should address instantly. Promoting and facilitating equal valuation of the employees despite their races should be practiced in all company undertaking. Young (2006) argues that there are numerous causes of workplace discrimination among many companies all over the world. Racial discrimination may result from the identity superiority of some of the countries over the others with different races. This may result from the movement of residents from the poor or third world countries to countries with advanced economies. In most cases, such workers end up experiencing racial discrimination. The fight for superiority makes the most of racism cases among the different races all over the world. The abuse of the employees-employer relationship causes racial discrimination among the staffs. Granting leave breaks and workstation assignment may cause discrimination among the employees. The leaders may grant the application to those whom they chose over on the basis of race. Setting a platform where all the workers are granted their request equally should be established to ensure that there is an equal treatment of staffs. This can also be enhanced by introducing of a rotational schedule where employees are scheduled to have off duties, breaks and all the benefits they are entitled to, equally. Due to advancements in the U.S, the cases of racism may be easily

The lack of uniformity for liability on multimodal transports Dissertation

The lack of uniformity for liability on multimodal transports - Dissertation Example As Nes (2002) points out, during last centuries, unimodal transport conventions such as an urban network, a regional network, or a national network of transport were the main modes of transport for goods and services. As the volume transport increased, the global traders were forced to develop improved alternatives to overcome the existed difficulties. Multimodal transport convention has been designed as an alternative to the unimodal transport system and it refers to the transfer of goods under a single contract but involves in at least two different methods of transport (Roemer). Multimodal transport contains a chain of process and steps such as multiple storage and handling stages which require a thorough control (Gocheva). Lack of uniformity in multimodal transports As Devia (2008) points out the main difficulty associated with the carriage of goods is that there is no international regime in force regarding various modes of transport. It produces many confusions and barriers for the smooth operation of the stages of transport. As a result of this lack of uniformity in regulation, it is forced to apply the determination of the law to a specific transport process when different modes of transport are deployed (Haak, 2005). It also creates some difficulties for the international transport of goods. According to Sturley (2007), there may arise some problems in the transport of goods between countries located at different continent if the goods in transit are damaged. He says the reason that the law regarding carriage of goods may vary from region to region and from continent to continent due to the absence of a common law in force (Sturley). In such cases, it is very difficult to identify the places or stages where the damages occurred so that the liability of the carrier varies in relation to the court where he is sued. The Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) is the carrier of the contract and the responsibility of cargo or goods reaches his shoulders as soon as he takes the possession of goods and bears this risk until the goods are being delivered (Ralph, 3). Although the MTO bears the whole risk of the goods in transport, he does not directly take part in the process of actual transfer of goods. On the other hand, he usually subcontracts the certain parts of the same to the network of subcontractees on a commission basis. According to the uniform liability rules, the MTO is liable for the goods of the shipper so that he has to pay compensation to the shipper if the goods in transit are damaged at any stage of the transport (United Nations,.20). Sometimes, the shipper’s goods may get damaged due to the negligence of the sub carrier who does not have any direct liability towards the shipper since he has not entered into any contract with the shipper. At the same time, the sub carrier has jointly formed a contract with MTO and he has to pay compensation to the MTO if the contracted goods are damaged while their possession lies wi th the sub carrier (unimodal law). Due to the lack of uniformity of ‘uniform liability rules’ and ‘unimodal laws’, an MTO would not recover the whole compensation amount from the sub carriers; and it would lead MTO to huge losses. Although network liability system and modified liability system have developed to solve the difficulties associated with transport of goods, it cannot bring uniformity in applicable liability regimes for multimodal transport. Rotterdam Rules Rotterdam rules or United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International

The statement of Goals for BSPH Essay Example for Free

The statement of Goals for BSPH Essay Different people have different ambitions in life. These ambitions can either make or break a person. Ever since I was a child, I have always wanted to indulge myself in public health. This volition was strongly influenced by the fact that my grandfather was the chairman of Red Blood, an organization based in Hong Kong. My grandfather impressed me in a lot of ways, especially in terms of his work. He shared with me his insights and the pertinent information necessary to succed in his field of work. After the SARS breakout in Hong Kong in 2003, I became more and more indulged into the field and in helping others. So I decided that I should now go out of my way to widen my knowledge about Public Health. As I indulge myself in this field, I plan to major in the Health Policy and Administration. With the kind of experiences that I have, I am proud to say that I demonstrate the qualities and the experiences required of a good leader. In my college days, I became one of the founding members of the Association of International Business and Economics Research (AIBER). The group aimed to provide students with quality research and information specifically on business and economics. I was then appointed as president of the group after half a year of active involvement. Our society was even recognized as the most outstanding extracurricular society in our college. My thrive to be successful did not stop there. I was also an active member of the leadership society of my college; at the same time, was also the activities director of International Student Association. My dream of becoming successful was finally taking place I was one of the youngest leaders in my school during that time. As persistent as I can be, I honed my craft even after college. I was an office clerk for Manulife Financial Limited in the summer of 2005. The best part of them all was the fact that I was recommended by my school and sent to Singapore to participate in its exchange program. The experience taught me not only to widene my perspective, but also crafted my intrpesonal, communication, and leadership skills. We all know that the health of individuals can be detrimental to the economic stability of ones country. With this in mind, I plan to use all of my acquired knowledge and experiences to the upheaval of my society. Studies will be conducted so as to have an idea on which areas to focus on. From this, new policies and rules will be stipulated so as to resolve the problems, if not totally eliminate them. For others, public administration is very simple and easy and I beg to disagree with them. It may be easy to handle a few people, but when you talk about taking care of a town, a city, or even a country – careful considerations must be given. We should be very careful when dealing with even the smallest detail, because these details may even be the cause of yet a bigger problem. When accepted at _____________________(Please put the name of your college), I know that the knowledge that I have acquired through the many years of experience will be well crafted by this school.